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Asian American and Pacific Islander studies resources for the classroom
All chapters of Foundations and Futures include lesson plans and curricular tools that are designed for high school students and grounded in ethnic studies pedagogy. Feel free to search our repository of primary sources and material that helps bring Asian American and Pacific Islander histories and experiences into the classroom.
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Gordon Hirabayashi and Bill Schmoe, 1941
Hirabayashi met the Schmoe family when Floyd Schmoe of the American Friends Service Committee supported Hirabayashi’s resistance to the curfew and exclusion laws for Japanese Americans. Schmoe worked actively to assist Japanese Americans who had been evacuated, and later traveled to Hiroshima to help survivors of the atomic bomb. In this photograph, Hirabayashi is pictured with Schmoe’s son, Bill.
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Fred T. Korematsu
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Mitsuye Endo
Mitsuye Endo, an American citizen, was relocated to Tule Lake Relocation Center and then at Topaz Relocation Center. In 1944, attorneys argued before the U.S. Supreme Court on her behalf. The court rules that the War Relocation Authority may have to detain other classes of citizens, but it has no authority to subject citizens who are concededly loyal to its leave procedure.
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The so-called “Loyalty Questionnaire”
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Japanese-American children at the Crystal City Internment Camp in the ’40s
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Freedom Train
Jimmy Murakami’s final painting was called ‘Freedom Train’ it showed the Murakami family huddled together on a train headed to LA carrying the same suitcases they had entered Tule Lake with four years earlier, they also had the ashes of Jimmy’s sister Sumiko
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Japanese-Americans returning to Sacramento, California, United States after being released from Rohwer Center internment camp in McGehee, Arkansas, United States, 30 Jul 1945
Roaring into Sacramento Monday morning, July 30, a special train of seven cars brought some 450 Japanese American residents of California back to their homes after residence of over three years at the Rohwer Center of the War Relocation Authority, McGehee, Arkansas.
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Wartime housing in Little Tokyo’s Bronzeville, Los Angeles, 1943
Little Tokyo in Los Angeles was dubbed “Bronzeville” during World War Two, as African American families and workers moved into the empty homes and businesses of the relocated Japanese American community. Interior view of makeshift housing for an African American family in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles.
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The Americanization School
The Americanization School, sponsored by Japanese Ancestry Society.
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Van Troi Anti-Imperialist Youth Brigade







