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Module 2: Hawaiian Plantation Workers Organize for Justice

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“Sure a Poor Man”
(Native Hawaiian Protest Song)

I labored on a sugar plantation,
Growing sugarcane.
My back ached, my sweat poured,
All for nothing.
I fell in debt to the plantation store,
I fell in debt to the plantation store.
And remained a poor man,
And remained a poor man.

I decided to quit working for money,
Money to lose.
Far better work day by day,
Grow my own daily food.
No more laboring so others get rich,
No more laboring so others get rich.
Just go on being a poor man,
Just go on being a poor man. 1

This song illuminates the difficult working conditions on plantations in Hawaiʻi. The speaker describes the backbreaking work and trappings of the spending cycles for those plantation workers who resided on the plantation land and spent their salary at the company-owned plantation stores, often the only place to buy food and goods. Such stores operated on a credit system wherein workers, described by the song, would fall into debt, owing money to the company. The song’s narrator realizes that working does not make the workers earn and save money. Rather, it only makes their employers more wealthy. By the end of the song, the speaker decides to try a different system, growing their own food for their daily needs, instead of harvesting crops for someone else’s long-term profit.

The plantation system in Hawaiʻi consisted of a network of powerful, wealthy settlers who exploited the labor of Native Hawaiians and immigrant workers brought in from other countries, including those from Asia. This module offers an overview of the plantation system in Hawaiʻi, as well as the Native Hawaiian and Asian American organizers who fought for their human rights.

Why was there such a diverse ethnic composition of plantation workers in Hawaiʻi?

How did plantation workers organize collectively for justice in the fields?

What happened to the workers and the land when the plantation system ended?

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The Asian American Studies Center acknowledges the Gabrielino/Tongva peoples as the traditional land caretakers of Tovaangar (Los Angeles basin, So. Channel Islands) and pay our respects to the honuukvetam (ancestors), ‘ahiihirom (elders), and ‘eyoohiinkem (relatives/relations) past, present, and emerging.

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