Martha and Berda Lum with their parents, date unknown, but presumed to be a year or two before the 1924 Supreme Court decision Lum v. Rice that determined that Mississippi could exclude Chinese from whites-only schools.
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The Asian American Studies Center acknowledges the Gabrielino/Tongva peoples as the traditional land caretakers of Tovaangar (Los Angeles basin, So. Channel Islands) and pay our respects to the honuukvetam (ancestors), ‘ahiihirom (elders), and ‘eyoohiinkem (relatives/relations) past, present, and emerging.
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