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Asian American and Pacific Islander studies resources for the classroom
All chapters of Foundations and Futures include lesson plans and curricular tools that are designed for high school students and grounded in ethnic studies pedagogy. Feel free to search our repository of primary sources and material that helps bring Asian American and Pacific Islander histories and experiences into the classroom.
Multimedia
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Indonesian men at immigration detention facility in San Francisco to be transported to immigration detention facility in Crystal City, Texas
An archival collection undertaken as a part of the California State University Japanese American Digitization Project shows the transport of the Indonesian maritime workers to Crystal City, Texas, where Japanese Americans were also being incarcerated during World War II.
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Indonesian deportees changing currency
Indonesian workers exchanged currency while undergoing deportation from San Francisco, California, to Jakarta, Indonesia (then called Batavia, Dutch East Indies).
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Hand-drawn map of Crystal City internment camp, Texas.
Indonesian maritime workers were incarcerated alongside Japanese Americans during World War II in Crystal City, Texas, and were ultimately deported to Indonesia. Their important history represents an early chapter of Asian immigrants in the United States, many of whom were likely Muslim, many years prior to the 9/11 era.
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Indonesians boarding a train in San Francisco for the immigration detention facility at Crystal City, Texas
In this 1947 photograph, Indonesian maritime workers carry their possessions for their train ride to a detention facility in Crystal City, Texas.
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Indonesian maritime workers making gamelan instrument
This gamelan instrument, likely made out of discarded materials from the ship, demonstrates the cultural practices of maritime workers in recreating objects that would remind them of their home in Indonesia.
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New York Times, December 21, 1945
This New York Times article from December 21, 1945, chronicles the Indonesian maritime workers who refused to work on ships transporting weapons and other armaments to suppress resistance against Dutch colonizers in Indonesia.
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Indonesian sailor during World War II
An Indonesian sailor at work maintaining a ship. These photos represent the importance of Indonesians as workers in the global economy, as well as the value of the maritime industry worldwide.
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Indonesian maritime workers during World War II
Two Indonesian maritime workers and the Dutch ship they worked on in the background during World War II.
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Indonesian merchant seamen during World War II
Indonesian merchant seamen during World War II. Because they are wearing more formal clothing, it is likely that this picture was taken during their leisure time.
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Bhairavi Desai and yellow-cab drivers, 1998
Co-founders of the New York Taxi Workers Alliance, with Indian American Bhairavi Desai (center) and Pakistani American Javaid Tariq (third from left), in a photo from The New Yorker, captured in 1998.
Chapters
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Module
Module 1: Overview
Cecilia M. Tsu and Tamara Venit-Shelton
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Module 2: Chinese Immigration and Labor from the Gold Rush to the Golden Spike, 1849-1869
Cecilia M. Tsu and Tamara Venit-Shelton
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Module 3: Chinese American Community Formation: The First Generation
Cecilia M. Tsu and Tamara Venit-Shelton
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Module 4: Living in the Era of Chinese Exclusion
Cecilia M. Tsu and Tamara Venit-Shelton
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Module 5: Becoming Chinese American: The Second Generation
Cecilia M. Tsu and Tamara Venit-Shelton
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Module 7: Chinese America Today
Cecilia M. Tsu and Tamara Venit-Shelton
